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What is Wolverine Stack (BPC-157 + TB-500)?

The Wolverine stack is a nickname for one vial holding two lab-made peptides, neither FDA-approved: BPC-157, 15 amino acids based on a gastric juice protein, and TB-500, an acetylated 7-amino-acid piece of thymosin beta-4.12 The pair has been tested in one rat study and in 3 patients without a control group; 4 more got BPC-157 with thymosin beta-4.354

This page summarizes published sources for information only. It is not medical advice and does not tell anyone to use a product. Questions about your own health belong with a licensed clinician. For questions about an order or a product, contact us.

Key facts

ClassBlend of two synthetic peptides: BPC-157 (15 amino acids) and TB-500 (an acetylated 7-amino-acid fragment of thymosin beta-4)12
Also known asWolverine peptide, Wolverine blend, BPC-157 + TB-500 blend, BPC-157/TB-500, BPC 157 TB 500
Forms we sellOne 10 mg (5 mg + 5 mg) vial of freeze-dried powder, for research use only
US regulatory statusNeither peptide is FDA-approved or part of an approved drug; July 2026 advisory votes on pharmacy compounding await FDA action1267
WADA statusProhibited at all times: BPC-157 under S0 (non-approved substances), TB-500 under S2.3 (growth factors)8
Studies of the pairOne controlled study in 32 rats; 3 patients given both and 4 given BPC-157 with thymosin beta-4, uncontrolled; no registered trial as of October 24, 2026345910

What is in the blend

Wolverine stack, Wolverine peptide and Wolverine blend are marketing names for one pairing, BPC-157 with TB-500, not for a single compound.

Component Per vial What it is Formula and molar mass
BPC-157 5 mg 15 amino acids (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV), described as part of a protein in human gastric juice151 C62H98N16O22, 1419.5 g/mol, PubChem CID 994195716
TB-500 5 mg 7 amino acids (Ac-LKKTETQ), copying positions 17 to 23 of thymosin beta-4 with an acetyl group added1718 C38H68N10O14, 889.0 g/mol, PubChem CID 6270766219

Equal weights do not mean equal numbers of molecules. At PubChem's free-base molar masses, 5 mg of BPC-157 is about 3.5 micromoles and 5 mg of TB-500 about 5.6 micromoles.1619 That is roughly 1.6 TB-500 molecules per BPC-157 molecule. The listing does not say whether either peptide is a free base or an acetate salt, forms FDA treats as separate substances.12

Several websites treat "TB-500" and "thymosin beta-4" as one compound, but FDA's 2026 review says they are not the same substance.2 Thymosin beta-4 is a 43-amino-acid protein first isolated from calf thymus.2 TB-500 copies 7 of its amino acids and adds an acetyl group.18 FDA adds that results for the plain, non-acetylated sequence cannot be directly extrapolated to TB-500.2

Ingredient profiles: What is BPC-157? and What is TB-500?. The Glow Peptide Stack and KLOW Peptide Blend add GHK-Cu to the same two peptides, and KLOW also adds KPV; see Peptide blends and stacks. This vial is listed as Wolverine Stack (BPC-157 + TB-500) for sale.

What sources report

The one controlled study of the pair

A 2026 study in 32 male rats is the only controlled test of the combination found in PubMed.320 After surgical repair of an Achilles tendon, 8 rats per group were assigned to a control group, BPC-157, TB-500 or both, injected into the abdominal cavity for 4 weeks.3

  • Tendon strength: only TB-500 alone produced a significant gain in the load the tendon bore before failing (p < 0.05).3
  • Tissue score: TB-500 alone and the pair significantly improved the Movin score; BPC-157 alone improved it only numerically.3
  • The pair: no benefit beyond either peptide alone.3
  • Ratio: 1 part BPC-157 to 6 parts TB-500 by weight, not this vial's 1 to 1.3

The authors suggest the peptides may act on shared downstream pathways, a hypothesis they say needs testing.3

Reports in people

Human reports cover 7 patients given BPC-157 with TB-500 or thymosin beta-4, none with a control group.45

  • Knee pain (2021 chart review): a Florida clinic reached 16 patients by phone.4 Of 4 given knee-joint injections of BPC-157 and TB4, 3 reported significant improvement and 1 had no relief.4 The abstract defines TB4 as thymosin beta-4; it does not mention TB-500.4
  • Nerve injury (2026 case series): 3 dental patients with numbness after an inferior alveolar nerve injury got weekly injections of both peptides, ARA-290, dexamethasone and bupivacaine for 4 weeks.5 Sensation largely returned, but the authors cannot tell whether the treatment or natural healing explains it.5

Each peptide on its own

BPC-157 has the larger animal record: a 2025 systematic review counted 35 preclinical studies among 36 and found better function and structure in animal models, but no clinical safety data.21 A 2026 review of its human use found three small studies of 30 people, rated very low certainty.12 For TB-500, the May 2026 FDA review located no published report of the peptide given to humans; the dental series appeared later, on September 30, 2026.25 FDA found too little evidence to support BPC-157 for ulcerative colitis, or even to evaluate TB-500 for wound healing.12

How each is thought to work

BPC-157 raised levels of VEGFR2, a receptor behind blood-vessel growth, in rat and cell studies (2017).22 In rat tendon cells it raised growth hormone receptor levels (2014).23 FDA says its molecular targets remain unidentified.1 TB-500 contains LKKTET, the actin-binding part of thymosin beta-4; actin is the protein that shapes cells and lets them move.2 FDA calls it a hypothesis, not a shown effect, that TB-500 buffers actin as the full protein does.2 In a 2024 cell study it summarized, TB-500 itself did not speed closure of scratch wounds in fibroblasts.2

Healing and muscle claims

Muscle building is a marketing theme, not a research result: FDA lists increased muscle growth and muscle tone among online claims for TB-500.2 The studies themselves track recovery of injured tendon, ligament and muscle, mostly in animals.213 Overviews: peptides and healing and recovery and peptides and muscle growth.

Side effects

Safety of the blend in people is unknown: FDA says it lacks the information to know whether either peptide would cause harm.242

Reported with combined products

  • Skin and gum darkening (1 report): a 40-year-old woman injected a research-labeled 5 mg/5 mg BPC-157 and TB-500 product, the amounts in this vial, under the skin.1 After one week her skin and gums darkened.1 The reaction returned when she restarted and stopped once she quit.1 FDA judged it likely due to the product but could not assess each peptide's role.1
  • Injection-site redness and swelling for 9 days (1 report): a woman using compounded BPC-157 with compounded thymosin injections; FDA called BPC-157's role unclear.1
  • Complaint reports (2): FDA's food and supplement complaint system held two reports on blended TB-500 and BPC-157 from 2004 to March 10, 2025, with no safety assessments.2
  • None documented: no treatment-related adverse events were recorded in the 3-patient dental series.5

Reported with one peptide

With BPC-157 alone, FDA's adverse event database (FAERS) held a report of shortness of breath leading to an emergency room visit.1 A FAERS search through March 26, 2025 returned no TB-500 reports.2 Full lists: What is BPC-157? and TB-500 side effects.

Warnings

  • Immune reactions: FDA warns that compounded BPC-157 and TB-500 may provoke immune responses, and that TB-500 can clump and carry peptide-related impurities.242
  • Missing toxicity data: FDA found no animal toxicity studies of TB-500 of any kind, cancer studies included, and judged the BPC-157 animal studies too limited in scope and length.21
  • Cancer questions: a 2026 review warns that BPC-157's VEGFR2 effect could feed vessel growth in a hidden tumor, and that thymosin beta-4's effect on cell movement could aid tumor spread.25 In a 2004 lab study, colon cancer cells overproducing thymosin beta-4 became markedly more invasive.26 These are lab and expert concerns, not findings in people taking the peptides.2526
  • Product quality: according to Health Canada, unauthorized injectable peptides may contain too much, too little or none of the active ingredient, or contaminants such as heavy metals.27
  • Name confusion: FDA notes that different molecules are sold under the TB-500 name.2

General precautions: Peptide safety basics.

Dosage information

Neither peptide, alone or blended, has an established human dose.1128 A 2026 physician primer says indications, dosing, frequency and treatment length remain unknown, and USADA says it is unknown whether any dose of BPC-157 is safe.1128 The table lists research conditions from published studies; none is guidance for people.

Study Subjects Route Amounts Duration
Achilles tendon repair (2026) 32 rats Into the abdominal cavity BPC-157 10 µg/kg/day, TB-500 60 µg/kg/day, or both 4 weeks3
Nerve injury case series (2026) 3 people Under the lining of the mouth TB-500 10 mg and BPC-157 1 mg, plus ARA-290 4 mg, dexamethasone 8 mg and bupivacaine, weekly 4 weeks5
Knee pain chart review (2021) 17 people, 4 also given TB4 Into the knee joint BPC-157 2 to 4 mg per injection; TB4 amount not reported 1 or 2 injections14
TB-500 in horses (2012) Horses Under the skin 10 mg Single dose132
Thymosin beta-4, not TB-500 (2010) 40 healthy people Intravenous 42, 140, 420 or 1260 mg, or placebo Single dose, then daily for 14 days; no serious adverse events29

Ratios differ: 1 to 6 by weight in the rat study and 1 to 10 in the dental series, against 1 to 1 in this vial.35 Whether results at those ratios apply to this vial is unknown. More: Peptide dosage basics and TB-500 dosage.

Reconstitution and storage

Both peptides share one vial of powder, so one volume of diluent dissolves the full 10 mg and fixes the 1 to 1 ratio. Vendor data cited in FDA's reviews give water solubility of 5 mg/mL for BPC-157 and 50 mg/mL for TB-500 free base.12 Each peptide's concentration is its 5 mg divided by the diluent volume:

Diluent volume BPC-157 TB-500 Total peptide
1 mL 5 mg/mL 5 mg/mL 10 mg/mL
2 mL 2.5 mg/mL 2.5 mg/mL 5 mg/mL
2.5 mL 2 mg/mL 2 mg/mL 4 mg/mL
5 mL 1 mg/mL 1 mg/mL 2 mg/mL

Below 1 mL, BPC-157 would pass the 5 mg/mL figure reported for water.1 These numbers describe a bench solution, not an amount for a person. The reconstitution calculator handles other volumes, How to reconstitute a peptide vial gives the lab steps, and the diluent listed with this vial is bacteriostatic water.

Stability figures exist for each peptide alone, from sources cited in FDA's reviews; none were found for the two stored together.12

Condition BPC-157 TB-500 free base
Dry powder About 3 weeks at room temperature; long term, desiccated below -18 °C1 Sealed, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen: 1 year at -20 °C, 2 years at -80 °C2
In solution 2 to 3 weeks at 4 °C; 3 to 4 months at -20 °C1 1 month at -20 °C; 6 months at -80 °C2

FDA also warns that pH, heat, concentration, impurities and excipients can make peptides like these aggregate or degrade.12 Freezer and refrigerator practice: How to store peptides.

Regulatory status

United States

FDA's May 2026 reviews found no FDA-approved drug containing either peptide, as free base or acetate, and no USP or National Formulary standard for either.12 Both once sat in FDA's category 2 of compounding substances that may present significant safety risks; the nominations were withdrawn, but FDA still posts its safety concerns.24

Ahead of its July 23, 2026 compounding advisory meeting, FDA weighed both peptides for the 503A Bulks List, the ingredients pharmacies may compound with.7 The uses under review were ulcerative colitis for BPC-157 and wound healing for TB-500, and FDA staff proposed adding neither.712 The committee voted to add each peptide, in both forms, 8 to 6 with 1 abstention.630 A dissenting member also worried about TB-500 being used in combination with other peptides.6 RAPS reports that if FDA follows the vote, state-licensed compounding pharmacies could compound these peptides for individual patients.30 FDA will decide only after considering that input.1 A Federal Register search on October 24, 2026 found no rule naming either peptide since the April 16, 2026 meeting notice.3132

Research labels do not exempt a product.33 FDA's warning letter of June 12, 2023 told an online seller that its website showed its injectable and nasal-spray BPC-157 and TB-500 were meant for people.33 The "research purpose only" labels did not change that.33 FDA's 2026 review also lists combined BPC-157 and TB-500 products found online, among them a 10 mg injectable blend.1

Other countries

No country has approved a BPC-157 product, according to FDA.1 For TB-500, FDA found no approved product in ten countries it named, including Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom, and none authorized by the European Medicines Agency.2 Health Canada lists both peptides among unauthorized injectable drugs it has seized (advisories of August 1, 2025 and April 9, 2026).3427 It calls such products illegal in Canada, even when labeled "For Research Use Only".27

Sport

WADA's 2026 Prohibited List bans both at all times.8 BPC-157 sits in S0, non-approved substances (Specified).8 TB-500, as a thymosin beta-4 derivative, falls in S2.3, growth factors and their modulators (non-Specified).8 USADA's advisory on the 2027 list keeps both prohibited and notes that peptides in general are now named under S0.35 A US triathlete who possessed and used both peptides received a four-year ban, USADA announced in September 2025.36

Wolverine Stack (BPC-157 + TB-500) in the store

Wolverine Stack (BPC-157 + TB-500) for sale: strengths, stock and shipping are on the product page.

For research use only. Not for human or veterinary use. Read the research use policy.

Related reading

Related profiles

Frequently asked questions

What is better, BPC or TB500?

No study in people has compared them. In the closest test, a 2026 study of 32 rats with repaired Achilles tendons, TB-500 alone was the only treatment that significantly raised tendon strength.3 BPC-157 alone improved tissue scores only numerically, and giving both added nothing over either one.3 A 2021 knee-pain chart review, with 12 patients on BPC-157 and 4 on BPC-157 plus thymosin beta-4, is too small and uncontrolled to rank them.411

Why is it called the Wolverine stack?

The name comes from marketing, not from a study. FDA's 2026 BPC-157 review quotes a clinic website saying the peptide has been called a wolverine compound for its claimed healing properties.1 FDA's TB-500 review cites a web page about a BPC157 and TB500 wolverine protocol.2 The healing claims behind the nickname are not established in people: a 2026 systematic review rated the human evidence for BPC-157 as very low certainty.12

Has the BPC-157 and TB-500 combination been tested in people?

Only in 3 patients, and never in a controlled trial.5 Those dental nerve-injury patients in a 2026 case series also got ARA-290, dexamethasone and bupivacaine, so no result can be credited to the pair.5 In a 2021 knee-pain chart review, 3 of 4 patients given BPC-157 with thymosin beta-4 reported significant improvement.4 ClinicalTrials.gov searches on October 24, 2026 found no registered trial of the two together.910

Can BPC-157 and TB-500 show up on a drug test?

Anti-doping labs have studied both. In a 2012 horse study, a method detected and confirmed TB-500 at 0.02 ng/mL in plasma and 0.01 ng/mL in urine after a single 10 mg dose.13 FDA notes that WADA approved a project in 2013 to build TB-500 metabolites into peptide screening.2 FDA also cites two lab studies of BPC-157 metabolism done for anti-doping screening.1

How long do BPC-157 and TB-500 stay in the body?

Only animal data exist. BPC-157's elimination half-life was below 30 minutes in rats and dogs (2022).14 In horses given 10 mg of TB-500 under the skin, blood levels peaked at 0.05 and 0.08 ng/mL 1 to 2 hours after dosing and became unmeasurable by 6 to 10 hours.2 FDA found no human pharmacokinetic data for TB-500 by any route.2

Written by D2C Peptides Editorial Team.

Pending qualified review.

Updated .

Sources

  1. FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, July 23-24, 2026: Evaluation of BPC-157-Related Bulk Drug Substances (BPC-157 (free base) and BPC-157 acetate), dated 5/11/2026. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2026.
  2. FDA Briefing Document, Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee, July 23-24, 2026: Evaluation of TB-500-Related Bulk Drug Substances (TB-500 (free base) and TB-500 acetate), dated 5/15/2026. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2026.
  3. Effects of BPC-157 and TB-500 on Achilles tendon healing in rats: A histopathological and biomechanical study (Biçer O, Adanir O, et al.; PMID 42542926). Joint Diseases and Related Surgery, 2026.
  4. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain (Lee E, Padgett B; PMID 34324435). Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 2021.
  5. Case Report: Regenerative peptides for Inferior alveolar nerve injury: a narrative review with hypothesis-generating three clinical cases (Froum S, et al.; PMID 42876687). Frontiers in Oral Health, 2026.
  6. FDA committee recommends looser restrictions for several peptides (Bascom E, July 24, 2026). Healio, 2026.
  7. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (content current as of 08/06/2026). U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2026.
  8. World Anti-Doping Code International Standard: Prohibited List 2026 (official English text, hosted by the International Testing Agency). World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), 2025.
  9. ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 search: BPC-157 OR "BPC 157" OR Bepecin OR "PL 14736" (run October 24, 2026; 4 studies, none with TB-500 or thymosin beta-4). ClinicalTrials.gov, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  10. ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 search: "TB-500" OR "TB500" OR "TB 500" (run October 24, 2026; 1 record, no BPC-157 arm). ClinicalTrials.gov, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  11. Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians (Mayfield CK, et al.; PMID 41476424). American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2026.
  12. Human evidence for BPC-157 in orthopaedic and regenerative medicine: a systematic review of efficacy and safety (Poolton JT, Minett J, Kazmi A; PMID 42885452). Acta Orthopaedica Belgica, 2026.
  13. Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Ho EN, et al.; PMID 23084823). Journal of Chromatography A, 2012.
  14. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs (He L, et al.; PMID 36588717). Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2022.
  15. PubChem Compound CID 9941957 (Bpc-157): synonyms. PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  16. PubChem Compound CID 9941957 (Bpc-157): computed properties. PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  17. PubChem Compound CID 62707662 (TB-500): synonyms. PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  18. Synthesis and characterization of the N-terminal acetylated 17-23 fragment of thymosin beta 4 identified in TB-500, a product suspected to possess doping potential (Esposito S, et al.; PMID 22962027). Drug Testing and Analysis, 2012.
  19. PubChem Compound CID 62707662 (TB-500, record title Unii-qhk6Z47gtg): computed properties. PubChem, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  20. PubMed summaries of the 13 records matching (BPC-157 OR "BPC 157" OR pentadecapeptide) AND (TB-500 OR "TB 500" OR thymosin beta 4 OR thymosin), search run October 24, 2026. PubMed, National Library of Medicine (NIH), 2026.
  21. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review (Vasireddi N, et al.; PMID 40756949). HSS Journal, 2025.
  22. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation (Hsieh MJ, et al.; PMID 27847966). Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2017.
  23. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts (Chang CH, et al.; PMID 25415472). Molecules, 2014.
  24. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding that May Present Significant Safety Risks (content current as of 04/22/2026). U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2026.
  25. Dangers of Injectable Peptides and Other Unregulated "Biohacking" Drugs (Moiz A, O'Keefe EL, O'Keefe JH; PMID 42757290; full text). Missouri Medicine, 2026.
  26. Overexpression of the thymosin beta-4 gene is associated with increased invasion of SW480 colon carcinoma cells and the distant metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma (Wang WS, et al.; PMID 15235586). Oncogene, 2004.
  27. Think twice before injecting peptides bought online: unauthorized products can seriously harm you (public advisory RA-81874, published 2026-04-09). Health Canada, 2026.
  28. BPC-157: Experimental Peptide Creates Risk for Athletes (undated page; references the July 2026 FDA review). U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), 2026.
  29. A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers (Ruff D, et al.; PMID 20536472). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2010.
  30. FDA advisory committee backs two controversial peptides (Eglovitch JS, 23 July 2026). Regulatory Affairs Professionals Society (RAPS), 2026.
  31. Federal Register documents search: term "BPC-157", newest first (API query run October 24, 2026; 1 result). Federal Register (Office of the Federal Register, National Archives), 2026.
  32. Federal Register documents search: term "TB-500", newest first (API query run October 24, 2026; 2 results, one unrelated). Federal Register (Office of the Federal Register, National Archives), 2026.
  33. Warning Letter: Warrior Labz SARMS, MARCS-CMS 655280 (June 12, 2023). U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2023.
  34. Unauthorized injectable peptide drugs seized and sold by Canada Peptide may pose serious health risks (public advisory RA-77807, published 2025-08-01). Health Canada, 2025.
  35. Athlete Advisory: What's New on the 2027 WADA Prohibited List? U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), 2026.
  36. Triathlon Athlete Anthony McCauley Accepts Sanction for Anti-Doping Rule Violations (posted September 17, 2025). U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA), 2025.